![]() That being said your process can yield impressive results sometimes. With hobby electronics it is often more about the process than the end results. With my circuit I cannot extend any real guarantees to others. I think they sound a bit flat, could use some more aggressive biasing, or something, but it does work. One thing I have done for laughs is use a regular home stereo as a guitar amplifier. Today I know I've no special talent, just a little luck and a lot of persistence. These back to back PN junction diodes are. The PNP transistor behaves like two PN junctions diodes connected back to back. A PNP transistor has three terminals a Collector (C), Emitter (E) and Base (B). It was when I got that to work that I figured maybe I have a knack for this sort of thing and the rest is as they say history. A PNP transistor is a bipolar junction transistor constructed by sandwiching an N-type semiconductor between two P-type semiconductors. Then I hooked a microphone directly up to that spot and put that microphone onto a piece of scrap plywood, stretched some fishing line over it, and had me a guitar! That was a long time ago now, and I did a lot of projects in between then and the amplifier in this article. I think I took a resistor from the positive and poked it around until I heard it make a loud noise or something crude like that. One of the very first electronics projects I can remember doing was when I took a cassette player and somehow managed to find the input for the amplifier section in it. This video also has a simulation of the microcontroller power control circuit at the end. The relay will be actuated when the input of the circuit goes high. It is used to switch high loads or loads that needs AC current to operate. Now whether it would be cheap for you, if you have to ask then that suggests to me that things might not go as planned. This is the completed circuit board retrace video for the GM328. Basic transistor relay driver, actuated on HIGH input (NPN) This circuit will drive a relay coil from a low power output, usually from an IC like 555 or a TTL/CMOS. I didn't look at what other layouts you may have posted, but if it's a trend, you might wanna practice some simple layouts before diving in the deep end :) If you need help fixing it, just say so - I could make the schematic more readable as well.Īn even quicker look at the overdrive pedal that you link to, seems to have very similar layout "qualities". Just went down with a fever and a blinding headache, so I might have missed other stuff. Not sure where you connect ground from the power supply either. Normally I'd say "back to square one" to a layout like this - 8 unconnected traces, more than 10 acid traps, awkward component orientation and just as awkward "pads" and traces not commanded by the schematic, topped of with this very strange build-up of rectangles (was it meant to be a pseudo copper fill?). Took a quick look at your board and must conclude that you dislike board layout as much as digital electronics ) I came up with the test circuits shown in Schematics 1 and 2. ![]() If anyone finds any problems then let me know and I'll see what I can't do to fix it." "Anyhow the one I am including here looks pretty good to me.
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